热激处理对棉苗子叶可溶性蛋白质种类和含量的影响

选用抗虫棉品种DP99B,彩色棉品种绿絮1号和棕絮1号,应用现代生物科学技术和手段,研究了棉花早期(萌动期、子叶期、1叶期)热激诱导产生的热激蛋白(HSPs)种类及其含量。结果表明:3个品种3个时期热激处理,处理后41.8 KD热激蛋白含量都增加。此外,DP品种不同时期热激处理后蛋白质含量增加的有3种,含量减少的有1种,含量不变的有3种,含量测不出来的有10种;LV品种热激处理后蛋白质含量增加的有3种,含量减少的有2种,含量不变的有3种,含量测不出来的有8种;ZH品种热激处理后蛋白质含量增加的有6种,含量减少的有2种,含量不变的有2种,含量测不出来的有5种。     

Half-sib progeny evaluation and selection of potatoes resistant to the US8 genotype of Phytophthora infestans from crosses between resistant and susceptible parents

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) resistant parents in cultivar development and identify superior clones possessing moderate to high late blight resistance combined with acceptable maturity and tuber quality. Ninety-five crosses were made between eight unadapted parents with reported late blight resistance (B0718-3, Bertita, Bzura, Greta, Libertas, Stobrawa, Tollocan and Zarevo) and susceptible parents (cultivars or advanced breeding clones) adapted to North American growing conditions. A total of 408 field selected clones were assessed for late blight resistance in the greenhouse and in the field using a mixture of US8 P. infestans isolates (A2 mating type, metalaxyl resistant) that overcame all known R-genes except R8 and R9. Clones with ≤ 10% infected foliar area in the greenhouse test or ≤ 0.30 RAUDPC (relative area under the disease progress curve) value in the field in 1998 were re-tested in 1999. A total of 118 (29% of 408) putative late blight resistant clones were selected. The eight late blight resistant parents differed in both the ability to transmit late blight resistance and in the level of resistance transmitted to the progeny. The Tollocan and B0718-3 families (half-sib progeny) had the greatest degree of resistance and frequency of resistant clones. Scott-Knott cluster analysis ranked 79 clones (67% of 118) in the high and moderate late blight resistant groups. Among these 79 clones, 19 clones had vine maturity equal to or earlier than mid-season combined with acceptable tuber quality. Further selection in 2000 resulted in eight advanced selected clones (six from Tollocan and two from B0718-3 families) with the same level of resistance as the parent combined with vine maturity and tuber quality equivalent to Atlantic, a standard cultivar for chip processing in North America. The results indicate that this breeding approach can be used to select parents for late blight resistance breeding and to identify superior clones with high levels of late blight resistance and marketable vine maturity and tuber quality. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Analysis of spaced-plant and micro-plot performance for yield-related traits in octoploid and hexaploid primary triticales

Summary Twenty-nine primary triticales (x Triticosecale Wittmack), derived from homozygous, uniform wheat and rye inbreds, were evaluated (i) to assess wheat, rye and interaction effects for yield-related characters, (ii) to estimate correlations between these characters, and (iii) to investigate the possibility of predicting micro-plot performance from early spaced-plant tests. The triticales (12 octoploid, 17 hexaploid) were tested under space-planting and in micro-plots in three-replicate, randomized block designs in 1983 and 1984, respectively. In general, hexaploid triticales performed significantly better than octoploids. Strong wheat and wheat x rye interaction effects were found, making it difficult to predict the performance of primary triticales from their constituent parental genotypes. At both ploidy levels under space-planting kernel weight per spike showed significant positive correlations with spikelets per spike, kernels per spikelet, and 1000-kernel weight. No significant associations were detected between spaced-plant and micro-plot performance for octoploids, indicating severe disorders at this ploidy level. In hexaploid triticales spikes per plant, kernel weight per spike, and kernels per spikelet observed in spaced-plants appeared to be useful indicators of grain yield in micro-plots.     

基于SPOT5多光谱影像和近期航摄影像的土地利用动态监测方法研究

在国内外土地利用动态监测研究与应用中,受遥感影像分辨率的限制,能满足较大比例尺的土地利用动态遥感监测的还较少.该文以浙江省宁波市鄞州区区域内一块试验区为例,利用SPOT5多光谱影像,结合近期航片,通过特征变异法,进行1∶1万土地利用动态遥感监测.试验结果表明,应用航片与卫片融合的新方法,进行土地利用动态监测是可行的.     

贡嘎山海螺沟冰川退缩区土壤序列矿物组成变化

阐明土壤中矿物随时间变化的机制是理解矿物风化和土壤发育的基础。利用X射线衍射法对贡嘎山海螺沟冰川退缩区土壤矿物组成随成土作用时间变化进行了定量分析。结果表明,冰川退缩区成土母质的矿物组成同质性较高,以硅酸盐矿物为主(约90%),包括:斜长石(28.5%)、石英(24.5%)、黑云母、钾长石、普通辉石、角闪石、绿泥石、蛭石;并有少量碳酸盐矿物,如方解石(8%)、白云石(2.3%);以及磷酸盐矿物磷灰石(2.1%)。退缩区土壤的矿物组成总体呈新发育土壤特征,随着成土年龄的增加,方解石逐渐被风化成为草酸钙石,角闪石、黑云母、磷灰石和绿泥石含量逐渐降低,长英质矿物的相对含量有所增加。成土作用中矿物组成的变化受植被原生演替和土壤p H的影响,快速发育的植被导致土壤p H迅速降低,风化程度增强。     

我国农产品贸易面临的技术性贸易壁垒及对策

技术性贸易壁垒是非关税壁垒中最隐蔽的一种。在WTO框架下,各国纷纷采取技术性贸易壁垒对本国农产品实施保护。分析我国在目前状况下所面临的壁垒,提出突破壁垒的几点建议。     

寒地早粳品种对稻米品质的影响

以近几年主栽的水稻品种为试材,采取相关统计分析和对比试验等方法,研究了水稻品种对早粳稻米品质的影响,旨在为寒地稻作区优质米品种的选育和高产栽培提供理论依据和技术支持。研究取得如下主要结果:(1)不同熟期碾米品质的3项指标中,糙米率的平均值分别为83.1%、82.9%、83.1%、83.0%;精米率的平均值分别为71.9%、71.9%、72.0%、73.0%。不同品种的糙米率,不同熟期间差异很小,晚熟品种的精米率略高于早熟和中熟品种,品种间表现有差异。不同熟期的整精米率的平均值分别为61.7%、61.7%、66.5%、67.2%,晚熟品种比早熟和中熟品种高,品种间差异较大。早熟和中熟品种的整精米率变异系数较晚熟品种增加1.2个百分点,说明品种间差异较大。稻米垩白米率与胶稠度(0.0566)呈正相关,这一点与(李雅娟,1995)的研究结果一致。垩白米率与精米率(-0.4827)呈显著负相关,因此,在育种上筛选垩白米率低的种质资源是关键。(2)直链淀粉含量是影响稻米食味品质的最重要指标之一,很多研究认为,直链淀粉含量偏高影响稻米食味品质(佐佐木忠雄,等.1982)。关于直链淀粉含量姬田正美(1996)研究认为,直链淀粉含量越高,稻米食味越差。本研究结果直链淀粉含量一般在16.67%￣22.40%,平均含量为18.8%,品种间差异较大。直链淀粉含量与蛋白质含量(-0.8207)呈极显著负相关。     

前氮后移施肥对冬小麦旗叶活性氧代谢和子粒产量的影响

１９９４－１９９６年高产冬小麦前氮后移施肥方式的产量效应和生理变化进行了研究。结果表明，采用此施肥方式可以减缓旗叶中超氧化物歧化酶活性下降和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛含量的积累，减少超氧阴离子的产生，提高旗叶片的叶绿素和蛋白质含量，延缓叶片衰老，显著增加穗粒重和产量。     

肉牛早孕因子（EPF）的活性检测及分离纯化

【目的】检测怀孕肉牛早孕因子(Early pregnancy factor,EPF)的活性,并对其进行分离纯化,以期为EPF快速检测方法的建立提供依据。【方法】采集妊娠1~9个月的肉牛血样,并进行妊娠诊断,通过玫瑰花环抑制试验(Rosette inhibition test,RIT)检测其早孕因子的活性。对有活性的血样依次进行DEAE-52离子交换层析、ConASepharose 4B亲和层析和Heparin Sepharose Cl 6B亲和层析,分离纯化EPF,对纯化产物进行SDS-PAGE检测,并测定其等电点。【结果】怀孕牛和未怀孕牛血清的玫瑰花环抑制滴度差异显著(P<0.05)。玫瑰花环抑制试验显示,纯化出的EPF具有活性,其分子质量为53.6 ku,等电点为6.8。【结论】利用玫瑰花环抑制试验检测早孕因子活性,可以鉴定肉牛的妊娠状态;利用层析的方法可以分离出早孕因子的活性蛋白。     

母牛发情周期和妊娠早期宫颈-阴道粘液电导率变化规律的研究

 本文应用自行设计安装的MFR-1型母牛发情鉴定及早期妊娠诊断仪，将特制探测电极插入母牛阴道穹窿部，测定了94头母牛宫颈-阴道粘液的电导率（CVMEC）。结果表明，母牛在发情周期和妊娠早期CVMEC呈规律性变化。发情周期正常的母牛，CVMEC在间情期处于较低水平（5.64mS/cm），前情期开始上升（8.93mS/cm），发情期达峰值（13.40mS/cm），后情期开始下降（9.84mS/cm），最后降至间情期水平。输精后，未妊与妊娠母牛CVMEC的变化规律不同。在发情周期的各时期，未妊母牛高于妊娠母牛；未妊母牛在输精后21天左右返情，CVMEC再度出现峰值；妊娠早期母牛则保持与间情期相近的较低水平（5.08mS/cm）。笔者认为，母牛CVMEC的规律性变化的生理学基础是体内激素水平和宫颈-阴道粘液的周期性变化，据此进行发情鉴定和早期妊娠诊断是可行的。与目前使用的方法相比，CVMEC法更具有实用价值。